The Fourth Amendment protects all individuals against unreasonable searches or seizures by the New York City Police Department. The Supreme Court has held that the Fourth Amendment permits the New York City Police Department to “stop and briefly detain a person for investigative purposes if the officer has a reasonable suspicion supported by articulable facts that criminal activity ‘may be afoot,' even if the officer lacks probable cause.” “Reasonable suspicion is an objective standard; hence, the subjective intentions or motives of the officer making the stop are irrelevant.”